Woda Mineralna: Potencjalne Korzyści Zdrowotne I Skutki Uboczne

2024 Autor: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Ostatnio zmodyfikowany: 2023-12-17 14:22

Woda mineralna pozyskiwana jest z naturalnych źródeł i podziemnych zbiorników. Jest bogaty w niezbędne składniki odżywcze i ma właściwości terapeutyczne.

Zawiera wapń, magnez, potas i sód (1). Dlatego twierdzi się, że zapewnia pewne nieoczekiwane korzyści zdrowotne. Picie wody mineralnej może sprzyjać zdrowiu kości, układu pokarmowego i serca oraz obniżać ciśnienie krwi.

W tym artykule omawiamy różnicę między wodą mineralną a wodą z kranu oraz potencjalne korzyści zdrowotne i skutki uboczne wody mineralnej.

Czytaj dalej!

Spis treści

• Woda mineralna Vs. Zwykła woda
• 6 korzyści zdrowotnych płynących z wody mineralnej
• Czy woda mineralna jest dobra dla Twojej skóry i twarzy?
• Jakie są skutki uboczne wody mineralnej?

Woda mineralna Vs. Zwykła woda

Woda mineralna jest bardziej kwaśna niż woda z kranu i ma kwaśny smak ze względu na obecność kwasu węglowego. Oba rodzaje wody zawierają minerały i są poddawane obróbce. Na podstawie aktualnych dowodów różnice nie są bardzo znaczące. Oto, co musisz wiedzieć.

I. Woda mineralna

Woda mineralna zawiera dodane minerały (w zależności od źródła) lub rozpuszczone substancje zmieniające jej smak. Ludzie uważają, że ma pewne właściwości lecznicze ze względu na zawarte w nim minerały. Według Food and Drug Administration (FDA) woda mineralna musi zawierać co najmniej 250 części na milion wszystkich rozpuszczonych substancji stałych (2).

Minerały często obecne w wodzie mineralnej to:

• Wapń
• Chlor
• Fosfor
• Magnez
• Potas
• Sód
• Siarka

Powyżej wymieniono niektóre makroskładniki odżywcze, które są niezbędne do wykonywania funkcji organizmu, takich jak synteza białek, tworzenie kości, tworzenie chrząstki itp. (3).

Oprócz niektórych mikroelementów, pierwiastki śladowe są niezbędne do niektórych funkcji biologicznych, takich jak synteza hormonów, produkcja enzymów, zapobieganie próchnicy zębów itp. (3).

• Kobalt
• Żelazo
• Chrom
• Miedź
• Jod
• Fluor

W przeciwieństwie do zwykłej wody z kranu, woda mineralna jest zwykle butelkowana u źródła w plastikowych lub szklanych butelkach. Niektórzy wolą wodę mineralną ze względu na jej walory lecznicze. Jednak woda mineralna może zostać poddana pewnej obróbce w celu usunięcia bakterii lub substancji toksycznych (4). Codzienne spożycie wody mineralnej jest niezbędne do utrzymania równowagi wodnej organizmu (3).

II. Woda z kranu

Woda wodociągowa jest uzdatniana chlorem i dostarczana do gospodarstw domowych rurami i systemami oczyszczania.

Woda wodociągowa przed dotarciem do gospodarstw domowych poddawana jest w oczyszczalni chemicznej dezynfekcji. Czysta woda jest następnie dostarczana podziemnym systemem rurociągów. Jednak niektóre minerały w wodzie wodociągowej mogą powodować korozję rur i zanieczyścić wodę pitną.

W USA woda z kranu musi spełniać normy Safe Drinking Water Act ustanowione przez Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (5).

Teraz, gdy znasz już różnicę między wodą mineralną a wodą z kranu, sprawdźmy, jakie korzyści zdrowotne daje woda mineralna!

6 korzyści zdrowotnych płynących z wody mineralnej

1. Źródło magnezu

Woda mineralna jest bogatym źródłem magnezu, który odgrywa ważną rolę w regulacji funkcji organizmu, takich jak funkcja nerwów, kontrolowanie poziomu glukozy we krwi i regulacja ciśnienia krwi (6).

Depending on the source, the amount of magnesium in mineral water may vary. The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for magnesium are as follows (6):

• 310-320 mg for adult women
• 350-400 mg for pregnant women
• 310-360 mg for lactating women
• 400-420 mg for adult men

Magnesium deficiency may cause symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, fatigue, muscle weakness, tremors, and vertigo. In severe cases, it can also lead to seizures, hearing loss, migraines, osteoporosis, and irregular heartbeat (7).

2. May Help Lower Blood Pressure

Mineral water is a good source of calcium and magnesium (1). Thus, it is said to be beneficial for people with blood pressure issues. Magnesium and calcium deficiencies may contribute to hypertension (8), (9). Both these minerals are actively involved in the electrolytic process of the human brain and body. This electrolytic balance is essential for the maintenance of blood pressure and circulation. It also helps quicken hydration in humans (10).

A study conducted by Göteborg University (Sweden) found that drinking mineral water may help lower blood pressure in people with elevated blood pressure (11).

A study conducted on 70 people with borderline hypertension also found that drinking 1 litre of mineral water per day lowered their blood pressure (11).

However, more studies are required to understand the role of drinking mineral water in blood pressure management.

3. Promotes Bone Health

Calcium is the most important mineral involved in bone development. The calcium present in mineral water is an important source of calcium intake (12). It strengthens bones, teeth, and nails.

A study conducted by the Saxon Balneology and Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute found that bioavailability of calcium from mineral water is comparable to (and could even be better) than from dairy products (13), (14). Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that regular intake of calcium-rich mineral water increases the bone mineral density (15).

Furthermore, controlling magnesium homeostasis may help maintain bone integrity (16).

4. Improves Digestive Health

Mineral water contains magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate that can help improve bowel movement frequency and stool consistency when constipated (17). A study conducted in Japan found that low magnesium intake is associated with constipation (18). Moreover, adequate fluid intake has been shown to improve digestion (19).

5. May Improve Heart Health

A study conducted on postmenopausal women by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research found that sodium bi-carbonate mineral water affects cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism after meals (20).

Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that the intake of carbonated mineral water intake decreases total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (21). The magnesium levels in drinking water are also said to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality (22).

However, more long-term studies are required to understand how drinking mineral water promotes heart health.

6. May Regulate Body Fat

Mineral water is an essential fat-free supplement that offers a good amount of fat metabolizing minerals. It helps in fat breakdown, which is essential in burning the layers of fat in the body. Thus, drinking mineral water before meals (1.5 l/day) along with a low-calorie diet can help in weight management (23).

Now that you know all about the health benefits of mineral water, let’s check out how it benefits your skin.

Is Mineral Water Good For Your Skin And Face?

Mineral water may be a fresh source of skin-friendly silica particles. Silica is great for the skin. It triggers the production of collagen in your skin. Increased collagen formation reduces wrinkles, dark spots, and dullness. Furthermore, silica deficiency leads to skin ageing (24). Hence, mineral water may be a good source of skin health.

However, more long-term studies are required to understand this benefit of mineral water.

Though mineral water is generally safe for consumption, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Mineral Water?

Mineral water is generally regarded as safe to drink. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area.

Many studies focused on bottled mineral water are about the migration of chemicals from plastic bottles to water (25). A study conducted on mice found that microplastics consumed through water can accumulate in the body and cause inflammation (26).

The carbonic acid present in carbonated mineral water can cause bloating (27). Mineral water contains fewer microbes when compared to normal tap water. Thus, it does not undergo the disinfection process (unlike tap water) and contains microbes. It is also sometimes enriched with carbon dioxide (28).

Plastic Toxicity

Microplastics are tiny particles with potential health concerns. Plastic bottles contain bisphenol A (BPA) that are said to interfere with the hormonal function in your body. These particles are also found in seafood products, beverages like beer, and table salt.

Though the microplastics in bottled water do not raise a safety concern, more research is required in this area (29).

Carbonated Water Damages Teeth

Sparkling mineral water can damage the enamel on your teeth. A study conducted by the University of Birmingham found that sparkling mineral water damages tooth enamel more than regular tap water but less than soft drinks (30).

Carbonated water is more acidic than regular tap water. A study conducted in Korea found that carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator reduces enamel hardness (31). But, it has a smaller impact on teeth than drinking soda (32).

Environmental Concerns

Pollution caused by plastic water bottles is a serious threat to the environment. But, scientists have found that treating tap water with domestic reverse osmosis equipment is the most environmentally friendly way to treat water (33). As bottle manufacturing requires more energy and raw material inputs, especially in the case of glass water bottles, regular water treatment is the most favourable option.

Conclusion

Woda mineralna z definicji jest bogata w minerały i ma wiele właściwości leczniczych. Jednak dostępne są ograniczone badania, które potwierdzają jego zalety. Nadal jest uważany za bezpieczny do picia.

Mówi się, że woda mineralna ma wiele korzyści zdrowotnych, od poprawy gęstości kości po wspieranie zdrowia układu pokarmowego. Jednak wiąże się to również z toksycznością tworzyw sztucznych (ze względu na mikroplastik w butelkach) i erozją szkliwa. Dlatego przed wypiciem jakiejkolwiek wody należy zachować ostrożność.

33 źródła

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